Author: WadeEmmert

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Improper CBD Product Marketing Lands in FDA’s Crosshairs

green and white labeled bottles
Photo by CRYSTALWEED cannabis on Unsplash

The FDA issued warning letters to five companies for violations of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) related to the sale of cannabidiol (CBD) products.

CBD is the primary non-psychotropic compound in Cannabis sativa plant. The FDA stated the companies who were served warning letters illegally marketed CBD products for the treatment or prevention of medical conditions, including COVID-19. For instance, one company’s website quoted people who used CBD oil “as treatment” for various medical conditions, claiming positive effects. Another company marketed the use of CBD oil to treat medical conditions on social media, using several hashtags related to serious medical conditions.

The FDA considers these products “new drugs” under section 201(p) of the FD&C Act, and therefore they are not considered safe and effective for treatment of medical conditions as these companies promoted.

Source: Improper CBD Product Marketing Lands in FDA’s Crosshairs

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The United States and Tennessee Resolve False Claims Act Claims Relating to “P-Stim” Devices

A physician and two chiropractors agreed to pay the United States and Tennessee a total of $1.72 million to resolve liability under the False Claims Act for the alleged improper billing for electro-acupuncture using a peri-auricular stimulation device known as “P-Stim” that does not qualify for reimbursement under Medicare.

From May 2016 through November 2018, Dr. Anderson, Total Family, and Chiro2Med billed for, and were reimbursed by the United States for acupuncture using P-Stim devices under HCPCS Code L8679, which instead requires implantation of a neurostimulator with anesthesia in a surgical setting by a physician, typically a surgeon. Dr. Anderson, Total Family, and Chiro2Med separately billed for, and were reimbursed by, Medicare and/or TennCare for these devices over a two year period.

Dr. Anderson agreed to pay $1 million over five years, Dr. Spencer and Total Family agreed to pay $700,000 over five years and Dr. Shea and Chiro2Med agreed to pay $20,000 over five years.

Source: The United States And Tennessee Resolve Claims With Three Providers For False Claims Act Liability Relating To “P-Stim” Devices For A Total Of $1.72 Million

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Revisions to Stark Law Rules Covering Physician Profit Sharing and Bonuses

The new provision allows a member of a group practice to receive profits from DHS directly attributable to the physician’s participation in a value-based enterprise.

CMS clearly has made the determination that participation in such enterprises is so essential that it is allowing a direct tie between a physician’s participation and the profits derived from DHS.

CMS also clarified that if a group has five or fewer physicians, overall profits means the profits from DHS from the entire group; but if a group has more than five physicians, the group may designate a component of at least five physicians to aggregate the profits for the purpose of distribution.

Although other portions of the Final Rule go into effect January 1, 2021, the profit sharing and productivity bonus provisions do not go into effect until January 1, 2022.

Source: Revisions to Stark Law Rules Covering Physician Profit Sharing and Bonuses

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OIG Issues New Guidance Regarding Big-Box Store Gift Cards as Patient Incentives

In a new advisory, the OIG addressed the use of gift cards to incentivize patients to utilize health care services.

Even though gift cards have been discussed previously in various OIG guidance over the years, this Advisory Opinion together with the OIG’s guidance around the new Safe Harbor is the first time the OIG has taken the position that gift cards to “big-box” retailers are identified as impermissible “cash or cash equivalent” incentives under the CMP Law.

Source: OIG Issues New Guidance Regarding Big-Box Store Gift Cards as Patient Incentives

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What Stark law, anti-kickback changes mean for value-based care at ASCs

HHS issued two rules on value-based care arrangements recently that will affect orthopedic surgeons and ASCs. CMS made adjustments to the Stark law, and HHS updated the federal Anti-Kickback Statute and the civil monetary penalties law to ensure healthcare providers could develop value-based care arrangements without fear of fraud and abuse charges.

The changes to the Anti-Kickback Statute make it easier to enter into value-based care arrangements, especially if providers take full risk. The exceptions create flexibility in how physicians are compensated. The exceptions don’t require setting compensation in advance, consistency with fair market value or determined in a way that doesn’t take the volume or value of physician referrals into account. But there is a commercial reasonableness standard for pay, and the exceptions apply to both Medicare and non-Medicare beneficiaries.

The new exceptions and safe harbors are for value-based arrangements when participants take on full risk, substantial risk with at least 10 percent downside, or arrangements where providers do not take on financial risk. There are incentive payments for participants who take on at least 10 percent risk.

Source: What Stark law, anti-kickback changes mean for value-based care at ASCs

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The OCR Settles another Investigation under the HIPAA Right of Access Initiative

OCR has settled its thirteenth enforcement action under the HIPAA Right of Access Initiative, which involved a primary care physician practicing in the State of Georgia. Dr. Peter Wrobel, M.D., P.C., operating under the fictitious name of Elite Primary Care, became subject to an OCR investigation (twice) for his alleged violations of the HIPAA Privacy Rule. Dr. Wrobel must pay a Resolution Amount of $36,000.00 and implement a two year Corrective Action Plan following the OCR’s second investigation. This is an example of another single patient complaint leading to a substantial penalty under the Right of Access Initiative.

Source: No Signs of Slowing Down: The OCR Settles another Investigation under the HIPAA Right of Access Initiative

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Patient Recruiter Convicted in $2.8 Million Telemedicine Scheme Against Medicare

The owner of an Orlando-area telemarketing call center was convicted for his role in a kickback scheme involving expensive genetic tests and fraudulent telemedicine services that resulted in the payment of approximately $2.8 million in false and fraudulent claims to Medicare.

Ivan Andre Scott, 34, of Kissimmee, Florida was convicted after a four-day trial of one count of conspiracy to commit health care fraud, three counts of health care fraud, one count of conspiracy to defraud the United States and pay and receive health care kickbacks, and three counts of receiving kickbacks.

The evidence showed that Scott targeted Medicare beneficiaries with telemarketing phone calls falsely stating that Medicare covered expensive cancer screening genetic testing, or “CGx.” The tests could cost as much as $6,000 per test. After beneficiaries agreed to take the test, the evidence showed Scott paid bribes and kickbacks to telemedicine companies to obtain doctor’s orders authorizing the tests.

Between November 2018 and May 2019, labs submitted more than $2.8 million in claims to Medicare for genetic tests Scott referred to them, of which Medicare paid over $880,000. In that timeframe, Scott personally received approximately $180,000 for his role in the scheme.

Source: Patient Recruiter Convicted in $2.8 Million Telemedicine Scheme Against Medicare

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Hospital Price Transparency Rule in Effect

The Hospital Price Transparency Rule went into effect on January 1, 2021. The Rule requires all hospitals operating within the United States to make public a list of their standard charges for items and services via the Internet in a machine-readable format. Hospitals must also provide prices for a list of 300 shoppable services that must be made publicly available in a searchable, consumer-friendly format. The Rule’s intent is to enable healthcare consumers to make more informed decisions based on cost, increase market competition, and ultimately drive down the cost of healthcare services, making them more affordable for all patients.

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Proposed Changes to HIPAA Privacy Rule

HHS has proposed several important changes to the HIPAA Privacy Rule to bring it in line with HHS’s Sprint Toward Coordinated Care initiative. These proposed changes are not yet final. Comments on the proposed rules are due within 60 days of their publication in the Federal Register.

  • Reducing the time that covered entities have to respond to a patient’s request to access his or her medical records to 15 calendar days (with the possibility of a 15 day extension);
  • Allowing an individual to take notes, videos, and photographs, and use other personal resources to capture Protected Health Information (“PHI”) in a designated record set when accessing PHI in person;
  • Changing the fee structure applicable to requests for access to PHI and adding a requirement that covered entities provide advance notice of approximate fees for copies of PHI;
  • Modifying the definition of “health care operations” to clarify that the term encompasses both individual-level and population-based care coordination and case management activities by health plans and covered health care providers;
  • Adding an exception to the minimum necessary standard for disclosures to, or requests by, a health plan or covered health care provider for care coordination and case management for an individual;
  • Expressly allowing covered entities to disclose PHI to social services agencies, community based organizations, home and community based service providers, and other similar third parties that provide health-related services to specific individuals for individual-level care coordination and case management;
  • Replacing the “professional judgment standard” with a “good faith standard” for certain disclosures of PHI allowed in the Privacy Rule;
  • Eliminating the requirement for a direct treatment provider to obtain written acknowledgment of receipt of the Notice of Privacy Practices (“NPP”) and adding an individual right to discuss the NPP with a person designated by the covered entity;
  • Expressly allowing covered entities and their business associates to disclose PHI to telecommunications relay service communications assistants; and
  • Expanding the current Armed Forces exception for covered entities to use and disclose PHI for mission requirements and veteran eligibility to all uniformed services personnel.

Source: Proposed Modifications to the HIPAA Privacy Rule to Support, and Remove Barriers to, Coordinated Care and Individual Engagement

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CMS Provides Additional Expansion Opportunities for High Medicaid Physician-Owned Hospitals

Under the Affordable Care Act’s amendments to the Stark Law, a Physician Owned Hospital (POH) cannot expand the aggregate number of operating rooms, procedure rooms or licensed beds beyond the number for which the hospital was licensed on March 23, 2010.

The Secretary of Health and Human Services may grant an exception to this prohibition to POHs qualifying as either an “applicable hospital” or a “high Medicaid facility” (as those terms are defined in the regulations).

POHs meeting one of these two exceptions were nonetheless still limited in that they could only request an expansion once every two years and the expansion was limited to no more that 200% of the rooms or beds that existed as of March 23, 2010.

These new rules relax these expansion limitations for “high Medicaid facilities,” but not “applicable hospitals”.

Though there are other requirements, a “high Medicaid facility” POH is one that for the three (3) most recent 12-month periods for which data is available, has an annual percentage of total Medicaid inpatient admissions that is estimated to be greater than the percent of such admissions for any other hospital located in the same county in which the POH is located (as determined by the data sources approved by CMS.

The new Final Rule, removes the limitation on the number of times a high Medicaid facility can request an expansion so long as the POH only has one request under review at any given time.

CMS also removed the 200% capacity limitation that previously existed for high Medicaid facilities seeking expansion.

High Medicaid facility POHs can now expand off of their main campus, but must continue to comply with Medicare rules and regulations regarding distance limitations relative to off-campus facilities and provider-based departments.

Source: CMS Provides Additional Expansion Opportunities for High Medicaid Physician-Owned Hospitals